اكولوژي ميوه ها سبزيجات
توضیحات
اكولوژي ميوه ها سبزيجات v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' DefUnhideWhenUsed='true' DefSemiHidden='true' DefQFormat='false' DefPriority='99' LatentStyleCount='267'> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Normal'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='9' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='heading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='10' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Title'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='11' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtitle'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='22' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Strong'/> <w:LsdException 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Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' 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SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='19' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='21' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='31' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='32' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='33' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Book Title'/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:'Table Normal'; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:''; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:'Times New Roman','serif';} <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%; mso-outline-level:1;background:white'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt' lang='AR-SA'>اکولوژی درخت انگور <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%; mso-outline-level:1;background:white'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt' lang='AR-SA'>مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-font-kerning:18.0pt'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>هر موجود زندهای برای برخی از فرآوردهها و فرایندهای زیستی اساسی<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>بطور انکارناپذیری به<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar"; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>محیط<span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>زیست <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>خود و بویژه به موجودات زنده دیگر وابسته است. لازمه بقا ، همبستگی گروهی<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>است و بررسی چگونگی این همبستگیها مورد توجه دانش<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar"; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>اکولوژی <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>است. دانش اکولوژی مجموعه شناختهایی است که انسان درباره اثرات محیط بر روی موجودات<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>زنده ، اثرات موجود زنده بر روی محیط و ارتباطات متقابل بین موجودات زنده<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>دارد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>.<span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>وقتی موجود زندهای از لحاظ بوم شناسی مورد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>مطالعه قرار میگیرد، هدف این است که معلوم شود، چرا موجود مورد نظر در محیطهای خاص<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>و تحت شرایط معینی زندگی میکند؟ شرایط محیطی چه اثراتی بر موجود زنده دارند؟ و<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>موجود زنده به نوبه خود چه تحولاتی در محیط پدید میآورد؟ طبیعی است که خود انسان<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>به عنوان یک موجود زنده ، متاثر از عوامل محیط و موثر بر روی عوامل طبیعت در چارچوپ<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>مطالعات اکولوژی از توجه و اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%; mso-outline-level:1;background:white'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt' lang='AR-SA'>دید کلی<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-font-kerning:18.0pt'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>انگور یا مو با نام علمی<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>Vitis<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>یکی از<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family: "2 Zar";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>انواع<span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>گیاهان دو لپهای <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>میباشد. انگور یکی از مهمترین میوههایی است که از زمانهای<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>بسیار قدیم مورد استفاده بشر قرار گرفته است. بطورکلی ، دو نظریه متفاوت در مورد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>دیرینگی انگور وجود دارد. عدهای معتقدند که انگور ، حتی قبل از پیدایش غلات ، مورد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>استفاده بشر قرار گرفته است. انگور بطور وحشی و به مقدار فراوان در جنگلها وجود<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>داشته و انسانهای نخستین از برگ و میوه آن بهره میجستند. انگور میوهای است بهشتی<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>که شامل ویتامینهای<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'> A , B <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>، <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>C <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>میباشد هچنین دارای مقداری<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>منیزیم <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>،<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>کلسیم<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>،<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>آهن <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>،<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>فسفر <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>،<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>پتاسیم <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>و<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>آلبومین است. انگور یکی از میوههای ضد سرطان شناخته شده است و این به خاطر خواص ضد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>عفونی کنندگی آن است<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%; mso-outline-level:1;background:white'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-font-kerning:18.0pt' lang='AR-SA'> فیزیولوژی رشد و نمو انگور<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-font-kerning:18.0pt'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%; mso-outline-level:2;background:white'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>تعریق<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>این عمل عبارت است از تبخیر مقدار فراوانی از آب بطور روزانه توسط<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>برگهای انگور. عوامل محیطی موثر در میزان تبخیر از سطح برگ عبارتند از: شدت نور ،<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>دما ، رطوبت و باد. نور و دما باعث افزایش تبخیر ولی رطوبت باعث پایین آمدن میزان<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>تبخیر از<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>سطح برگ <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>میشود. جریان هوا و<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>باد میزان تبخیر را افزایش میدهد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>. <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%; mso-outline-level:2;background:white'><span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>جذب آب<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%;background:white'><span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>تبخیر آب از سطح برگها ، باعث غلیظتر شدن<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar"; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>شیره<span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>یاختهای <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>شده و این غلظت شیرابه که از بالا به سوی<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar"; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>ریشه <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>ادامه مییابد، بوجود آورنده نیروی کشش است که باعث جذب آب به درون ریشه میشود. آب<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>جذب شده، درون<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar"; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>آوند<span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>چوبی <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>به حرکت درآمده و از طریق آن به تمام یاختهها میرسد. در مواردی که رطوبت<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>هوا زیاد باشد آب بوسیله<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "2 Zar"'><span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar"; color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>فشار<span style='color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'> <span dir='RTL' style='font-family:"2 Zar";color:windowtext; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none' lang='AR-SA'>اسمزی <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"2 Zar"; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>وارد ریشه میشود که با حالت اول یعنی کشش تبخیری تفاوت اندکی دارد<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"2 Zar"'>. <span style='font-size:16.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:"2 Zar";mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family: Tahoma' lang='AR-SA'>