پايان نامه بررسي علت تخريب برقگير هاي 400/230KV پست فيروز بهرام
توضیحات
پايان نامه بررسي علت تخريب برقگير هاي 400/230KV پست فيروز بهرام Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE FA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState='false' DefUnhideWhenUsed='true' DefSemiHidden='true' DefQFormat='false' DefPriority='99' LatentStyleCount='267'> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Normal'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='heading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='0' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Title'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='11' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtitle'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='22' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Strong'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='20' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='59' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Table Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='1' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='No Spacing'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='34' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='List Paragraph'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='29' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='30' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Quote'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 1'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 2'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 3'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 4'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 5'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='60' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='61' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='62' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Light Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='63' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='64' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Shading 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='65' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='66' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium List 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='67' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 1 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='68' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 2 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='69' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Medium Grid 3 Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='70' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Dark List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='71' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Shading Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='72' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful List Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='73' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' Name='Colorful Grid Accent 6'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='19' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='21' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Emphasis'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='31' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Subtle Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='32' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Intense Reference'/> <w:LsdException Locked='false' Priority='33' SemiHidden='false' UnhideWhenUsed='false' QFormat='true' Name='Book Title'/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:'Table Normal'; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:''; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family:'Traditional Arabic';} <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>فصل اول: مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>1-1- <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>كليات<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>2<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='margin-right:36.0pt;text-align:justify; text-justify:kashida;text-kashida:0%;text-indent:-36.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'>1-2- <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>هدف<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>2<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>فصل دوم: بررسي انواع اضافه ولتاژها در سيستمهاي قدرت و علل پيدايش آنها<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>2-1- مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>7 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>2-2- انواع مختلف اضافه ولتاژها در شبكه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'><span style='mso-tab-count: 6'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>7 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>2-2-1- اضافه ولتاژهاي صاعقه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>8 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-1-1- مشخصه اضافه ولتاژهاي صاعقه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>9 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-2- اضافه ولتاژهاي كليد زني (قطع و وصل)<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>10 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-2-1- موج استاندارد قطع و وصل يا كليدزني<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>11 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-2-2- علل بروز اضافه ولتاژهاي كليدزني<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>12 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-2-2-1- اضافه ولتاژهاي ناشي از كليدزني جريانهاي سلفي و خازني<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>13 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-2-2-2- اضافه ولتاژهاي كليدزني ناشي از تغييرات ناگهاني بار<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>13 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>2-2-3- اضافه ولتاژهاي موقت<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'><span style='mso-tab-count: 8'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>14 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-3-1- مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>14 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-3-2- خطاهاي زمين<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>15 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-3-3- تغييرات ناگهاني بار<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>17 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-3-4- اثر فرانتي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>19 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-3-5- تشديد در شبكه <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>21 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 2-2-3-6- تشديد در خطوط موازي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>23 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>فصل سوم: نحوه تعيين پارامترهاي برقگير جهت حفاظت از شبكه در مقابل اضافه ولتاژها<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>3-1- مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>26 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>3-2- برقگيرهاي اكسيد روي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>26 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-1- ساختمان مقاومتهاي غير خطي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>27 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-2- منحني ولت <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'>–<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> آمپر غيرخطي مقاومتها<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>28 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-3- پايداري حرارتي، اختلال حرارتي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>29 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4- تعاريف و مشخصات برقگيرهاي اكسيد روي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>32 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-1- ولتاژ نامي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>32 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-2- مقدار حقيقي ولتاژ بهرهبرداري<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>35 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-3-4-3- حداكثر ولتاژ كار دائم<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>36 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-3-4-4- فركانس نامي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>36 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-5- ولتاژ تخليه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>36 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-6- مشخصه حفاظتي برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>36 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-7- نسبت حفاظتي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>38 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-8- حاشيه حفاظتي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>38 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-9- جريان مبناي برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>38 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-10- ولتاژ مرجع<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>38 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-11- جريان دائم برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>39 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-12- جريان تخليه نامي برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>39 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-13- قابليت تحمل انرژي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>39 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-4-14- كلاس تخليه برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>40 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>3-2-5- انتخاب برقگيرها<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>41 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 3-2-5-1- انتخاب ولتاژ نامي و ولتاژ كار دائم برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>42 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>فصل چهارم: بررسي علل ايجاد اختلال در برقگيرهاي اكسيد روي <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-1- مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>45 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-2- اشكالات مربوط به طراحي و ساخت برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>46 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-3- پايين بودن كيفيت قرصهاي وريستور<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'><span style='mso-tab-count: 6'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>49 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-4- پيرشدن قرصهاي اكسيد روي تحت ولتاژ نامي در طول زمان<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>51 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-5- نوع متاليزاسيون مورد استفاده روي قاعده قرصهاي اكسيد روي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>51 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-6- عدم كيفيت لازم عايق سطحي روي وريستورها<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>54 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-7- اشكالات مربوط به انتخاب نوع برقگير و محل آن در شبكه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>55 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 4-7-1- پايينبودن ظرفيت برقگير مورد انتخاب نسبت به قدرت صاعقههاي موجود در محل<span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>55 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 4-7-2- پايينبودن ولتاژ آستانه برقگير انتخاب شده نسبت به سطح <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'>TOV<span style='mso-tab-count: 1'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>57 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>4-8- اشكالات ناشي از نحوه نگهداري و بهرهبرداري از برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>57 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 4-8-1- وجود تخليه جزئي در داخل محفظه برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>57 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 4-8-2- آلودگي سطح خارجي محفظه برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>58 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 4-8-3- اكسيد شدن و خرابي كنتاكتهاي مدارات خارجي برقگير<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>59 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>فصل پنجم: شناسايي پديده فرورزونانس و بررسي حادثه پست 230/400 كيلوولت فيروز بهرام <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-1- مقدمه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>61 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-2- شناسايي پديده فرورزونانس<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>61 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-3- فرورزونانس<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>63 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-3-1- فرورزونانس سري يا ولتاژي<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>63 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-3-2- فرورزونانس موازي يا فرورزونانس جرياني<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>66 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-4- طبقهبندي مدلهاي فرورزونانس <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'><span style='mso-tab-count: 7'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>68 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-4-1- مدل پايه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>69 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-4-2- مدل زير هارمونيك<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>69 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-4-3- مدل شبه پريوديك<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>70 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-4-4- مدل آشوب گونه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>71 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-5- شناسايي فرورزونانس<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>72 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-6- جمعآوري اطلاعات شبكه و پست جهت شبيهسازي و بررسي حادثه پست فيروز بهرام<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>74 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>5-7- بررسي حادثه مورخ 28/2/81 پست فيروز بهرام<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>83 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-7-1- مدلسازي و مطالعه حادثه با استفاده از نرمافزار <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'>emtp<span style='mso-tab-count: 2'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>83 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-7-1-1- رفتار برقگيرهاي سمت اوليه و ثانويه ترانسفورماتور در هنگام وقوع حادثه<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>87 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-7-1-2- رفتار برقگير فاز <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'>T<span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> سمت <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'>KV<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>230 ترانسفورماتور در هنگام وقوع حادثه<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language:FA' lang='FA'>90 <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> 5-7-1-3- بررسي روشهاي جهت جلوگيري از وقوع پديده فرورزونانس در پست فيروز بهرام <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>94 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>الف- وجود بار در سمت ثانويه ترانسفورماتور<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>94 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>ب- ترانسپوز كردن خط رودشور <span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family: Lotus'>–<span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size: 12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> فيروز بهرام<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'><span style='mso-tab-count: 6'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>96 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>فصل ششم: نتيجهگيري و پيشنهادات <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>6-1- نتيجهگيري و پيشنهادات<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>100 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>ضمائم<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>102 <p class='MsoNormal' dir='RTL' style='text-align:justify;text-justify:kashida; text-kashida:0%;line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus' lang='AR-SA'>منابع و مراجع<span dir='LTR' style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:150%; mso-bidi-font-family:Lotus'> <span style='font-size:14.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Lotus;mso-bidi-language: FA' lang='FA'>103